Category
Fourth-year subjects: applied electronics, systems theory, electrical communications, digital electronics, electrical measurements and process control.
82 articles
The supervised learning problem, the normal equations proved, convergence of gradient descent with the 2/L limit, logistic regression and cross-entropy, overfitting and…
Twelve exercises with solutions: simple BJT and MOS mirror, current ratios, Early effect, Wilson, cascode, Widlar, helper transistor, multi-output mirrors, active load…
Error due to the Early effect and base currents, helper transistor, Wilson and cascode mirrors with output resistances proved, wide-swing cascode, Widlar…
Multiple equilibria, limit cycles, finite escape time and chaos, the pendulum phase portrait, the indirect method, Lyapunov's direct method with proof, pendulum…
The realisation problem, the controllable canonical form with proof, the companion matrix, reachability proved, the observable form by duality, the modal form…
The observability test with proof, the tanks-in-series example, the duality principle, the Kalman decomposition into four parts, transfer function and minimal realisations,…
Definitions, Kalman's test with proof and the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, the continuous case with the Gramian and minimum-energy input, an example with two…
Lyapunov's definitions of stability, the eigenvalue criterion proved, marginal stability, input-output stability and hidden modes, the Lyapunov equation with proof of the…
Solution of difference equations by induction, discrete modes and the unit circle, deadbeat response, exact discretisation proved, continuous and discrete eigenvalues, the…
Definition and properties of the matrix exponential, Lagrange's formula proved, free and forced response, modes for real, complex and repeated eigenvalues, computation…
