Systems Theory
State-space representation, equilibria and linearisation
The concept of state, classification of systems, linear time-invariant systems, an RLC circuit example, equilibrium points, linearisation with proof, the pendulum, changes…
Category
Fourth Year
Fourth-year subjects: applied electronics, systems theory, electrical communications, digital electronics, electrical measurements and process control.
82 articles
Process Control
The PLC: scan cycle, IEC 61131-3 languages and sequences
Structure of a PLC, the scan cycle and the response time proved, ladder, FBD, ST and SFC languages, start-stop with seal-in, fail-safe…
Process Control
Control valves: characteristics, authority and defects
The flow equation and the Kv coefficient, linear and equal-percentage characteristics with proof, the installed characteristic and authority proved, sizing, actuators, positioner,…
Process Control
Digital control: sampling, period choice and velocity-form PID
The zero-order hold as a half-period delay with proof, choosing the sampling period, anti-aliasing, the position PID, the velocity form proved, anti-windup…
Process Control
Multivariable systems: relative gain array and pairing
Process with two inputs and two outputs, Bristol's relative gain with proof, rows and columns summing to one, the pairing rule, a…
Process Control
Processes with dead time and the Smith predictor
The bandwidth limit imposed by dead time with proof, the Smith predictor with proof, the effect of model errors and disturbances, Padé…
Process Control
Control schemes: cascade, feedforward, ratio and selectors
Cascade control with proof of disturbance rejection, feedforward with proof that it does not change stability, realisability, ratio control, split range, selectors…
Process Control
PID tuning for processes: direct synthesis, IMC and SIMC rules
Forms of the industrial PID, direct synthesis for the process with dead time with proof, choosing lambda, the SIMC correction with proof…
Process Control
Industrial process models and identification with a step test
Process variable, manipulated variable and set point, models from mass balances, dead time, the first-order-plus-dead-time model, the two-point method proved, a heat…
Electrical Measurements
Sensors and the measurement chain: strain gauges, thermocouples, Pt100 and 4-20 mA
The measurement chain, quarter, half and full bridge strain gauges with proof, thermocouples and the cold junction, three- and four-wire Pt100, common…